When to Use

Replace a route-level user-state branch with a Contentstack Personalize-driven render: read variant alias from cookies/headers, pass to <StudioComponent /> via variantAlias query option.

Use during a hand-coded migration when migrate-page-to-studio surfaces a user-driven JSX branch (logged-in tier, persona, A/B, geolocation). Personalize handles audiences + variants. Studio renders whichever alias resolves. Do NOT use for content-driven branching (use Condition Block). Do NOT use for layout-shift needing different sections. That’s a separate-template decision.

Auth preflight: settle the credential before the first API call. Resolve it OAuth-first per authenticate-cma: CS_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN, else the Contentstack MCP’s stored session. Never ask the user for a session authtoken. If nothing resolves, or a refresh fails with 400 invalid_refresh_token, hand them ! CONTENTSTACK_REGION=<code> npx @contentstack/mcp --auth (it needs a TTY and a browser, so it cannot be run for them) and wait. 403 error_code 316 is a valid credential aimed at another org: fix the org or the api_key, do not re-authenticate.

Wire a Route-Level Branch to Variant Aliases

Context

A common hand-coded pattern is to branch on user state inside the JSX:

{user.tier === "premium" ? <PremiumHero {...entry.hero} /> : <Hero {...entry.hero} />}

Three things are happening at once: (1) a visitor segment is computed, (2) a component swap is wired into the render, (3) the entry data is reused across both branches. Migration to Studio splits these:

(1) Visitor segmentation stays in route code. Your cookie/header/middleware logic doesn’t change.
(2) Component swap becomes a Contentstack variant alias. Each variant has its own version of the entry. The Studio template renders the variant’s overrides on top of the base entry.
(3) Entry data reuse is automatic. Studio merges variant overrides onto the base entry. Unchanged fields fall through.

The result: ONE template, ONE route, N variants per entry. No code branch in the JSX. No template per persona.

This skill is for user-driven branching only. The variant is chosen based on who the visitor is (tier, persona, cookie, A/B). For content-driven branching (the variation lives in the entry’s own fields), use use-condition-block instead. That stays in the Studio canvas, no variant aliases needed.

Reference: docs/advanced/variant-aliases-deep-dive.md (full deep-dive), docs/recipes/migrating-hand-coded-pages-to-studio.md Step 6 (handling edges).

Task

Read routeFilePath and locate the branchExpression. Confirm it’s a user-driven branch (the condition references runtime state: user, cookies, headers, experiment, persona). If the condition references entry.<field>, STOP. That’s content-driven branching. Recommend use-condition-block instead.

Point the user at Contentstack Personalize to set up audiences + variant aliases. This skill does NOT call CMA, does NOT write to the stack, and does NOT touch entry data. Personalize is Contentstack’s product feature for audience-driven variants. Configure it in the Contentstack web app:

Open https://app.contentstack.com → your stack → Personalize.

1. Create an Experience targeted at the routes you're migrating (e.g.
   "<contentTypeUid> personalization"). An Experience is the wrapper
   that holds audiences + variant aliases together.

2. Define one or more Audiences. An Audience is the visitor-segment
   definition (e.g. "logged-in premium tier", "experiment B cohort").
   Personalize lets you define audiences from cookies, query params,
   headers, or external signals.

3. For each non-base name in your variants list, create a Variant
   under the Experience:
     - Variant alias UID: <variant>      ← match what your route will pass
     - Display name:      <variant>      ← what authors see in Studio
     - Targeting:         link to one of the Audiences from step 2

4. Publish the Experience. Personalize handles the cookie/header
   orchestration server-side; your route only needs to read the
   variant cookie/header Personalize sets and forward it to
   <StudioComponent />.

Per-entry variant overrides are authored in Contentstack’s normal entry editor, in the “Variants” tab of each entry of contentTypeUid. Print:

Open https://app.contentstack.com → Content → <contentTypeUid> → pick an entry → "Variants" tab.

For each variant alias you created in Personalize:
- Click "+ Add Variant".
- Pick the alias UID (e.g. "premium").
- Override the fields that differed in your original JSX branch:
  <list the fields the original branch differed on — derived from the branchExpression>
- Leave other fields empty — they inherit from the base entry.
- Save.

The skill never touches entries. The user configures Personalize + populates variant content themselves.

Generate the route swap. Rewrite routeFilePath:

- export default async function ProductPage({ params }) {
-   const user = await getCurrentUser();
-   const entry = await fetchEntry(params.sku);
-   return (
-     <>
-       {user.tier === "premium"
-         ? <PremiumHero {...entry.hero} />
-         : <Hero {...entry.hero} />}
-       <Body {...entry.body} />
-     </>
-   );
- }
+ import { cookies } from "next/headers";
+ import { sdk } from "@/lib/contentstack";
+ import { StudioComponent } from "@contentstack/studio-react";
+
+ export default async function ProductPage({ params }) {
+   const variant = (await cookies()).get("variant-alias")?.value;
+   // fetchCompositionData THROWS on a miss — wrap it, or an unknown sku 500s
+   // instead of 404ing. resolveComposition: configure-csr-vs-ssr.
+   const { specOptions, notFound: miss } = await resolveComposition(
+     sdk,
+     { templateContentTypeUid: "product" },
+     { templateEntryUid: params.sku, variantAlias: variant || undefined },
+   );
+   if (miss) notFound();
+   return <StudioComponent specOptions={specOptions} />;
+ }

Match the resolver style to visitorSegmentSource:

cookie:variant-alias: read from cookies() (App Router), req.cookies (Pages Router), or useCookies() (CSR)
header:x-variant: read from headers()
searchParam:variant: read from URL search params
custom: leave a TODO comment where the user wires their own resolver

Print the before/after diff for review. Wait for explicit confirmation before writing the file.
Hand off to the user:
- “In Contentstack, open Content Models, select <contentTypeUid>, open an entry, and go to the Variants tab. Fill in per-variant overrides for the fields the original branch differed on (e.g. for the premium variant: set a different hero.headline, swap hero.cover, etc.).”
- “In Studio, open the template the route maps to, then use the navbar’s variant picker to preview each variant against the preview entry. Confirm the layout renders the variant’s overrides.”
- “Wire your middleware / authentication layer to set the variant-alias cookie (or whichever segmentation source you picked) per visitor segment.”
Run verify-setup at the end. Layer 4 should render the template. Switching the cookie value in DevTools should re-fetch the page with the new variant on next request.

Inputs Needed From the User

routeFilePath: required, real path.
branchExpression: required. If the user pastes a content-driven branch by mistake (entry.is_premium ? ...), redirect to use-condition-block.
variants: required. The first name is the base (the entry’s default state). Subsequent names are the variants you’re authoring overrides for.
contentTypeUid: required.
visitorSegmentSource: required. Pre-default to cookie:variant-alias. Ask if their app uses a different convention.

Acceptance

The skill pointed the user at Contentstack Personalize for setting up the Experience + Audiences + Variant Aliases, and made clear it does NOT touch the stack itself, does NOT call CMA, and does NOT need auth tokens or Management Tokens.
The skill printed step-by-step UI instructions for scaffolding per-variant entry overrides on one representative entry (via the entry editor’s “Variants” tab, the same UI authors use day-to-day).
Route file is rewritten with the variant resolver matching visitorSegmentSource, and the JSX branch is removed.
Before/after diff was shown to the user and they confirmed before write.
verify-setup ran and Layer 4 (Studio canvas) renders the template against the base entry.
User was given the three hand-off tasks: (1) fill in per-variant content in Contentstack, (2) preview each variant in Studio, (3) wire their middleware to set the segment source.
If the supplied branch was content-driven (entry-field-based), the skill STOPPED and redirected to use-condition-block.

Common Pitfalls

Pitfall	Why it bites	Fix
Using variant aliases for content-driven variation	Variant aliases are a per-VISITOR mechanism. Using them for entry-shape variation conflates the two concerns and makes future authoring confusing	Content-driven variation belongs in use-condition-block. Visitor-driven variation belongs here.
Forking the template per variant	One template per variant = N times the structural change cost. The whole point of variants is the same template renders all	Always one template. Variants live on the entry, not the composition
Resolving the variant client-side AFTER the server rendered	Hydration mismatch + content-flash. Variant must be resolved BEFORE the SSR fetch	Read cookie/header/middleware before fetchCompositionData. Pass variantAlias to the fetcher
Forgetting to set the variant in the cache key	CDN serves all visitors the variant of the first request	Vary on the segmentation header, or include the variant in the URL/cache key, or revalidate per request for variant-aware routes
Creating variants on the stack but not on the entry	Studio’s variant picker shows the alias but no overrides exist. The canvas renders the base everywhere	Step 3 of this skill scaffolds the entry-override skeleton. Confirm it ran